Molecular characterization and biological control of some rice seed-borne fungal pathogens
Abstract
Seed-borne fungi cause enormous losses in rice production in Egypt. Ten different fungal species were isolated from four rice seed cultivars (Giza 177, Giza 179, Sakha 101 and Sakha 106) showing grain discoloration symptoms. Ten fungal species were initially identified as Fusarium spp. and Bipolaris spp. based on conidial morphology, colony appearance, pigmentation and growth rate. Molecular identification of these fungal isolates via PCR utilizing Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region universal primers was carried out. ITS region was amplified to confirm the species identification. DNA sequence of PCR products and analysis via BLAST and data of the Genbank showed that four isolates belonging to F. graminearum, four isolates belonging to F. verticilliodies and two isolates identified as Bipolaris oryzae. The phylogenetic tree revealed different levels of molecular variation among the fungal species isolates compared to the international isolates deposited in the Genbank. Two biological control isolates of T. harzianum (Tr1 and Tr2) were used against F. graminearum, F. verticilliodies and B. oryzae isolates. The highest growth inhibition was exhibited by both T. harzianum isolates against F. graminearum (76.77% and 76.74% respectively), followed by F. verticilliodies. The least growth inhibition was observed on Bipolaris oryzae using Tr2 and Tr1 isolates (53.33% and 50.0% respectively). Moreover the naturally infected rice grains treated with both isolates Tr1 and Tr2 showed 100% inhibition of fungal pathogens associated with rice grains compared to untraded naturally infected grains.
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